![]() ![]() In addition, American military personnel could potentially make up to $1,000 per month if they have a good command of foreign languages, according to Money magazine. According to the study by Wharton and LECG Europe, acquiring another language has the effect of increasing one's annual salary by approximately 2%. One study out of Switzerland suggests that Switzerland's GDP is augmented by multilingualism by 10%. Studies demonstrate that multilingualism is positively correlated with higher salaries and gross domestic production (GDP). As a result, multilinguals may have labor market advantages over monolinguals in their ability to work with global customers. In short, language is commodified for use in globalized society. ![]() He posits that by transforming social and symbolic capital into economic capital, the multilingual is at an advantage. Bourdieu's views have been highly influential in study of language and power. Multilingualism as Global Capital įrench sociologist Pierre Bourdieu views language, and more specifically multilingual skills, as a form of social and symbolic capital that follows speakers as they search for work and power both locally and transnationally. Furthermore, economically, being a bilingual who are able to use English and another language is worth generating no less than $128,000 during a 40-year period of economic activity. Moreover, based on the Ambient Insight's report, there are more than 50,000 privately-operated English language institutes established in China. It is reported by Statistics Korea and the Korean Ministry of Education that South Korea has invested more than 30% of the $15 billion private education cost in the English language training. For that reason, South Korea and China have been made a tremendous investments on their English language education. Outside of contexts in which English is a national (and thus majority) language, those who are multilingual in English and another language are offered even more access and privilege in global society. These language categories create hierarchies of power in a globalized system in which minority language speakers who also speak a majority language are afforded more access and privilege than those who only speak only a minority language. Because English serves as lingua franca in so many international contexts (tourism, business, academia, science, etc.), most linguists place it outside the categories of majority language or minority language even if, functionally, it could be either one. " English is “hypercentral” to globalization as a result of both its common international use and its “highly prized” nature. De Swaan's analysis of the world language system, which is arguably the most common analysis, distinguishes between five different types of languages, one of which is "English as global lingua franca. Researchers accept that there are multiple categories of language, even as they often disagree on the explicit number of those categories. Multilingualism is therefore considered both a tool and a symptom of forces that necessitate or encourage contact between communities. This contact occurs when language communities, through obligation or choice, come in contact with one another. Multilingualism is considered a form of language contact. ![]() Language Contact, Categories, and Powers Therefore, though globalization is widely seen as an economic process, it has resulted in linguistic shifts on a global scale, including the recategorization of privileged languages, the commodification of multilingualism, the Englishization of the globalized workplace, and varied experiences of multilingualism along gendered lines. As a result of the interconnectedness brought on by globalization, languages are being transferred between communities, cultures, and economies at an increasingly fast pace. Globalization is commonly defined as the international movement toward economic, trade, technological, and communications integration and concerns itself with interdependence and interconnectedness. Multilingualism is considered the use of more than one language by an individual or community of speakers. Globalization has had major effects on the spread and ascribed value of multilingualism. Relationship between multilingualism & globalization ![]()
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